Idaho Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Idaho collaborating physician requirements reflect a full-practice-authority state for nurse practitioners with an active and specific physician collaboration framework that applies to physician assistants. Idaho Code § 54-1402 defines APRNs as practitioners who collaborate with other health professionals as a matter of professional practice, not as a regulatory prerequisite. No physician collaboration agreement, prescriptive authority […]

Kentucky Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Kentucky collaborating physician requirements apply to a reduced-practice state with one of the most structurally distinct collaboration frameworks in the country. Kentucky does not use a single collaborative practice agreement for all prescribing. Instead, the state requires two separate written agreements depending on what the APRN will prescribe: the Collaborative Agreement for the Advanced Practice […]

Wisconsin Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Wisconsin collaborating physician requirements are in a defined transition period. Wisconsin is not a full-practice-authority state as of the publication date of this guide, but it will be on September 1, 2026. Governor Tony Evers signed Assembly Bill 257, known as the APRN Modernization Act and enacted as Wisconsin Act 17, on August 11, 2025. […]

Maryland Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Maryland collaborating physician requirements reflect a full-practice-authority state that has been operating under that framework for over a decade. Maryland’s Nurse Practitioner Full Practice Authority Act, passed in 2015, eliminated the mandatory physician attestation requirement that had previously required certified registered nurse practitioners to identify a physician collaborator. Experienced Maryland CRNPs may now practice, diagnose, […]

California Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

California collaborating physician requirements are unlike those in any other state covered in this series. California is not a traditional restricted-practice state, and it is not a straightforward full-practice-authority state either. Assembly Bill 890, signed by Governor Newsom in 2020 and implemented beginning January 1, 2023, created three simultaneous frameworks for NP practice that operate […]

Alabama Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Alabama collaborating physician requirements apply to one of the most tightly regulated restricted-practice markets in the country. Alabama has no pathway to independent APRN practice. Every Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner and Certified Nurse-Midwife who practices medicine in Alabama must do so under a collaborative agreement jointly approved by the Alabama Board of Medical Examiners and […]

Indiana Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Indiana collaborating physician requirements apply to a restricted-practice state where every APRN seeking prescriptive authority must operate under a written collaborative practice agreement with a licensed practitioner. Indiana Code § 25-23-1-19.4 requires that collaborative practice agreements be in place before an APRN can provide services requiring physician collaboration, and the agreement must be submitted to […]

Kansas Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Kansas collaborating physician requirements shifted fundamentally in 2022. Kansas is a full practice authority state for advanced practice registered nurses. Senate Substitute for House Bill 2279, signed by Governor Laura Kelly on April 15, 2022 and effective July 1, 2022, eliminated all references to physician supervision or collaboration requirements from the Kansas Nurse Practice Act, […]

Michigan Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

Michigan collaborating physician requirements apply to a reduced-practice state with one of the most structurally distinct frameworks in the country. Michigan does not require a physician agreement for all APRN practice. NPs, CNMs, and CNSs in Michigan may independently prescribe nonscheduled (non-controlled) prescription drugs without any physician delegation, authorization, or agreement. What Michigan does require […]

South Carolina Collaborating Physician Requirements & Compliance Rules (2026 Guide)

South Carolina collaborating physician requirements apply to a restricted-practice state that is actively debating significant changes to its APRN framework in 2025 and 2026. For now, most APRNs performing medical acts in South Carolina must do so pursuant to a written practice agreement with a physician who is readily available for consultation. The collaboration requirement […]

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